How to use SQLAlchemy ORM to access ZohoInvoice Data in Python

The rich ecosystem of Python modules lets you get to work quickly and integrate your systems effectively. With the CData API Driver for Python and the SQLAlchemy toolkit, you can build ZohoInvoice-connected Python applications and scripts. This article shows how to use SQLAlchemy to connect to ZohoInvoice data to query ZohoInvoice data.

With built-in optimized data processing, the CData Python Connector offers unmatched performance for interacting with live ZohoInvoice data in Python. When you issue complex SQL queries from ZohoInvoice, the CData Connector pushes supported SQL operations, like filters and aggregations, directly to ZohoInvoice and utilizes the embedded SQL engine to process unsupported operations client-side (often SQL functions and JOIN operations).

Connecting to ZohoInvoice Data

Connecting to ZohoInvoice data looks just like connecting to any relational data source. Create a connection string using the required connection properties. For this article, you will pass the connection string as a parameter to the create_engine function.

Start by setting the Profile connection property to the location of the ZohoInvoice Profile on disk (e.g. C:\profiles\ZohoInvoice.apip). Next, set the ProfileSettings connection property to the connection string for ZohoInvoice (see below).

ZohoInvoice API Profile Settings

Register an OAuth application in the Zoho Developer Console as a server-based application. You will receive a Client ID, Client Secret, and must configure a redirect URI.

Follow the procedure below to install SQLAlchemy and start accessing ZohoInvoice through Python objects.

Install Required Modules

Use the pip utility to install the SQLAlchemy toolkit and SQLAlchemy ORM package:

pip install sqlalchemy
pip install sqlalchemy.orm

Be sure to import the appropriate modules:

from sqlalchemy import create_engine, String, Column
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker

Model ZohoInvoice Data in Python

You can now connect with a connection string. Use the create_engine function to create an Engine for working with ZohoInvoice data.

NOTE: Users should URL encode the any connection string properties that include special characters. For more information, refer to the SQL Alchemy documentation.

engine = create_engine("api:///?Profile=C:\profiles\ZohoInvoice.apip&Authscheme=OAuth&OAuthClientId=your_client_id&OAuthClientSecret=your_client_secret&CallbackUrl=your_callback_url")

Declare a Mapping Class for ZohoInvoice Data

After establishing the connection, declare a mapping class for the table you wish to model in the ORM (in this article, we will model the ContactAddresses table). Use the sqlalchemy.ext.declarative.declarative_base function and create a new class with some or all of the fields (columns) defined.

base = declarative_base()
class ContactAddresses(base):
	__tablename__ = "ContactAddresses"
	OrganizationId = Column(String,primary_key=True)
	ContactId = Column(String)
	...

Query ZohoInvoice Data

With the mapping class prepared, you can use a session object to query the data source. After binding the Engine to the session, provide the mapping class to the session query method.

Using the query Method

engine = create_engine("api:///?Profile=C:\profiles\ZohoInvoice.apip&Authscheme=OAuth&OAuthClientId=your_client_id&OAuthClientSecret=your_client_secret&CallbackUrl=your_callback_url")
factory = sessionmaker(bind=engine)
session = factory()
for instance in session.query(ContactAddresses).filter_by(Country="United States"):
	print("OrganizationId: ", instance.OrganizationId)
	print("ContactId: ", instance.ContactId)
	print("---------")

Alternatively, you can use the execute method with the appropriate table object. The code below works with an active session.

Using the execute Method

ContactAddresses_table = ContactAddresses.metadata.tables["ContactAddresses"]
for instance in session.execute(ContactAddresses_table.select().where(ContactAddresses_table.c.Country == "United States")):
	print("OrganizationId: ", instance.OrganizationId)
	print("ContactId: ", instance.ContactId)
	print("---------")

For examples of more complex querying, including JOINs, aggregations, limits, and more, refer to the Help documentation for the extension.

Free Trial & More Information

Download a free, 30-day trial of the CData API Driver for Python to start building Python apps and scripts with connectivity to ZohoInvoice data. Reach out to our Support Team if you have any questions.