An FTP server is a server that uses a specialized software application that uses the File Transfer Protocol (FTP) to store and manage files. It acts as a digital storage hub, allowing users to upload or download files to and from the server over a network or the internet. This type of server is commonly used to share files among employees, upload files to web servers, or distribute course materials in academic institutions, among other uses. The FTP server provides a central location where files can be stored and retrieved, ensuring that users have access to the latest versions and can share large files that are too large for email attachments.
Operating an FTP server involves managing access and security. Typically, users authenticate themselves with a username and password to access the server, although some FTP servers are set up to allow anonymous access for public file sharing. FTP servers can operate in different modes, such as active or passive, which dictate how data connections are established between the server and client. While the traditional FTP protocol does not encrypt data, modern implementations often use FTPS (File Transfer Protocol Secure) or SFTP (SSH File Transfer Protocol) for secure data transfer, encrypting the connection to protect sensitive information.
